Approximately 10 million individuals in the United States are affected by temporomandibular joint (TMJ) abnormalities, according to the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. The highest prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is in women aged 20 to 40 years, with women representing 80 percent of patients being treated for TMD.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) plays an important role in the evaluation of TMD, as it allows for a noninvasive depiction of the joint that is not otherwise available. MRI examinations of the TMJ are part of the current standard of care in the evaluation of TMD, providing the clinician anatomic information that can guide treatment decisions.
Because there is no ionizing radiation used in an MRI exam, Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a very popular tool in the medical community. In addition, MRI is a totally painless exam and has no known side effects.
When would I get a MRI of the Temporomandibular Joint?
What Will I Experience during a TMJ MRI?
An MRI of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is designed to evaluate the jaw joint, surrounding cartilage disc, ligaments, and adjacent soft tissues that control jaw movement. Because this area is small and requires very detailed imaging, careful positioning and precise imaging sequences are used during the exam.
For your TMJ MRI, you will lie on your back on a cushioned MRI table. Your head will be gently positioned in a supportive headrest to minimize movement. Specialized surface coils may be placed around the jaw area to enhance image quality and allow detailed visualization of the joint structures. In many TMJ studies, images are obtained both with your mouth closed and partially open, so you may be given specific instructions on how to position your jaw during certain parts of the scan.
As the exam begins, the table will move into the MRI scanner. The scanner is open at both ends, and although the space may feel somewhat enclosed, you will be able to communicate with the technologist at all times. The MRI machine produces rhythmic tapping or knocking sounds as it collects images. These sounds are completely normal and indicate that the imaging sequences are in progress. Ear protection or headphones are typically provided to help reduce noise.
The MRI of the temporomandibular joint is painless and does not involve radiation. Remaining still is especially important during TMJ imaging because even small jaw movements can affect image clarity. The technologist may provide instructions when it is time to open or relax your jaw, and you will be guided through each step to ensure accurate positioning.
In certain cases, contrast material may be recommended to evaluate inflammation, joint abnormalities, or surrounding soft tissue structures more clearly. If contrast is required, it will be administered through a small IV in your arm or hand. Any sensations, such as mild warmth, are temporary and generally resolve quickly.
Most TMJ MRI exams take approximately 30 to 45 minutes to complete. Once finished, you can typically return to your normal routine right away unless you were given special instructions. A radiologist will carefully review your images to assess joint alignment, disc position, inflammation, or other potential causes of jaw pain and dysfunction.
