CT of the Spine
Computed Tomography, or CT scan, combines x-rays with computer technology to create images of different bone and organ sections. Unlike standard x-rays which take a picture of the whole structure being examined, CT has the ability to image that same structure one “slice” at a time.
In standard x-rays, dense tissues like bones can block the view of the body parts behind them. In CT, the various slices clearly show both bone and underlying soft tissue. CT assists physicians in both diagnosis and detection of a variety of conditions at an early stage.
CT scanning can be used to obtain information about almost any body part. The amount of radiation used in CT exams is equivalent to that of standard x-ray procedures.
CT scanning is a non-invasive method of diagnosis for symptomatic patients with issues that require a view inside the body. It is a short, painless procedure and emits very low amounts of radiation.
When would I get a CT of the Spine?
A CT of the spine can be performed on the:
- cervical spine, the neck region consisting of seven bones, which are the C1-C7 vertebrae separated from one another by intervertebral discs acting as “shock absorbers” during activity, allowing the spine to move freely
- thoracic spine, the upper and middle part of the back made of 12 bones, which are T1-T12 vertebrae and is the only spinal region connected to the rib cage
- lumbar spine, the lower back consisting of five bones, which are the L1-L5 vertebrae connected in the back by facet joints, which allow for forward and backward extension, as well as twisting movements.
Often, the most frequent use of spinal CT is to detect or rule out spinal column damage in patients who have suffered a serious injury. CT of the spine is also performed to:
- assess spine fractures due to injury
- evaluate the spine before and after surgery
- help diagnose spinal pain
- assess for congenital anomalies of the spine or scoliosis
- detect various types of tumors in the vertebral column, including those that have spread there from another area of the body
- guide diagnostic procedures such as the biopsy of a suspicious area to detect cancer, or the removal of fluid from a localized infection.
What Will I Experience During a Spine CT?
A CT of the spine is performed to create detailed cross-sectional images of the vertebrae, spinal canal, discs, and surrounding soft tissues. This advanced imaging helps physicians evaluate injuries, degenerative changes, alignment concerns, or other conditions affecting the cervical, thoracic, or lumbar spine. When you arrive for your exam, a technologist will review the procedure with you and answer any questions to help you feel comfortable and prepared.
For the scan, you will lie on a cushioned CT table, usually on your back. Depending on the portion of the spine being evaluated, additional positioning supports or cushions may be used to help you remain comfortable and properly aligned. It is important to remain as still as possible during image acquisition so that the resulting images are sharp and accurate. Most patients find the positioning easy to maintain for the short duration of the exam.
As the CT scan begins, the table will move gradually through the circular opening of the scanner. The system remains open on both sides, which helps reduce any sense of confinement. During imaging, you may hear gentle mechanical sounds as the scanner rotates and captures images from multiple angles. These sounds are normal and indicate that the system is collecting detailed data about your spine.
Some CT of the spine exams require the use of contrast material to better visualize structures such as the spinal cord, nerve roots, or surrounding blood vessels. If contrast is ordered, it will be administered through a small IV prior to or during the scan. Patients sometimes notice a mild warming sensation or a brief metallic taste after contrast injection, but these effects are temporary and generally well tolerated.
Most CT spine studies are completed within 10 to 20 minutes, depending on the complexity of the exam and whether contrast is used. Throughout the procedure, the technologist will be able to see and hear you at all times and can provide instructions or reassurance as needed. Once the imaging is complete, you will be able to resume normal activities right away unless your physician provides additional guidance.
